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How Quantum Computers Break The Internet... Starting Now
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- Опубліковано 19 бер 2023
- A quantum computer in the next decade could crack the encryption our society relies on using Shor's Algorithm. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
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A huge thank you to those who helped us understand this complex field and ensure we told this story accurately - Dr. Lorenz Panny, Prof. Serge Fehr, Dr. Dustin Moody, Prof. Benne de Weger, Prof. Tanja Lange, PhD candidate Jelle Vos, Gorjan Alagic, and Jack Hidary.
A huge thanks to those who helped us with the math behind Shor’s algorithm - Prof. David Elkouss, Javier Pagan Lacambra, Marc Serra Peralta, and Daniel Bedialauneta Rodriguez.
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References:
Joseph, D., et al. (2022). Transitioning organizations to post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 605(7909), 237-243. - ve42.co/Joseph2022
Bernstein, D. J., & Lange, T. (2017). Post-quantum cryptography. Nature, 549(7671), 188-194. - ve42.co/Bernstein2017
An Insight, An Idea with Sundar Pichai - Quantum Computing, Wold Economic Forum via UAclips - ve42.co/QCWEFyt
Migrating to Post-Quantum Cryptography, The White House - ve42.co/PQCWhiteHouse
Kotas, W. A. (2000). A brief history of cryptography. University of Tennessee - ve42.co/Kotas2000
Hellman, M. (1976). New directions in cryptography. IEEE transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), 644-654. - ve42.co/Hellman1976
Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126. - ve42.co/Rivest1978
Kak, A. (2023). Lecture 12: Public-Key Cryptography and the RSA Algorithm - ve42.co/Kak2023
Calderbank, M. (2007). The RSA Cryptosystem: History, Algorithm, Primes. University of Chicago. - ve42.co/Calderbank2007
Cryptographic Key Length Recommendation, Keylength - ve42.co/KeyLength
Coppersmith, D. (2002). An approximate Fourier transform useful in quantum factoring. arXiv preprint quant-ph/0201067. - ve42.co/Coppersmith2002
Quantum Fourier Transform, Qiskit - ve42.co/Qiskit
Shor, P. W. (1994, November). Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring. In Proceedings 35th annual symposium on foundations of computer science (pp. 124-134). IEEE. - ve42.co/Shor1994
Shor’s algorithm, Wikipedia - ve42.co/ShorWiki
Euler’s totient function, Wikipedia - ve42.co/EulerWiki
Asfaw, A. (2020). Shor’s Algorithm Lecture Series, Qiskit Summer School - ve42.co/ShorYT
How Quantum Computers Break Encryption, minutephysics via UAclips - ve42.co/PQCmpyt
Breaking RSA Encryption - an Update on the State-of-the-Art, QuintessenceLabs - ve42.co/QuintessenceLabs
O'Gorman, J., & Campbell, E. T. (2017). Quantum computation with realistic magic-state factories. Physical Review A, 95(3), 032338. - ve42.co/OGorman2017
Gidney, C., & Ekerå, M. (2021). How to factor 2048 bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits. Quantum, 5, 433. - ve42.co/Gidney2021
2021 Quantum Threat Timeline Report, Global Risk Institute - ve42.co/QuantumRisk
The IBM Quantum Development Roadmap, IBM - ve42.co/IBMQC
Post-Quantum Cryptography, Computer Security Resource Center (NIST) - ve42.co/CSRCPQC
Alagic, G., et al. (2022). Status report on the third round of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process. US Department of Commerce, NIST. - ve42.co/Alagic2022
Thijs, L. (2015). Lattice cryptography and lattice cryptanalysis - ve42.co/Thijs2015
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Tj Steyn, Meg Noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Elliot Miller, Jerome Barakos, M.D., Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, John H. Austin, Jr., Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi.
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Written by Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Filmed by Raquel Nuno
Animated by Ivy Tello & Mike Radjabov
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, & Emily Zhang
As a science educator you should be particularly proud of this video. I've never seen this topic explained anywhere close to as good as what this video does. Kudos!
I totally agree !
There's Minutephysics who did it years ago.
Kurzgesagt did a very good video on quantum computers as well
Except for the fact that 95% of the viewers will NOT be able to keep up with it, and thus will get nothing out of it.
_In 20 minutes, Derek explains public/private key cryptography and the effect quantum computing has on it better than anyone I have heard in the last 10 years! This is an insanely great visualization of the topic._
but does it matter tho
@akjohnny Does anything matter, does having the ability to cook matter when someone can do it for you, does it matter if you work when people can donate you money outside instead of working.
@flint from mother 3 gaming sorry about Hinawa
@akjohnny Does your identity matter? Your possessions? Job? Privacy?
This is my field of work, quantum hardware (PhD). Thanks for covering this topic. I participate in both the technical and non-technical coverage of quantum hardware. On that note, I'll be delivering some invited quantum hardware lecture series on the machines/chips we've been building at my research lab and more. It will be open to the public next week on April 12th with my IBM friends and QuantumGrad. You are all welcomed to join us to learn about what tools and equipment we use to build real quantum devices in the field. Ignore the naysayers, let's keep building and learning from what we build. -Onri the Diné Quantum Engineer
That all sounds great, but I'm here to find out if the Blue Kachina danced yet or not.
please don't the future is scary enough as it is. humans with incredible powers and technology is not a good thing.
@DukeofBlasphemy then get off your phone
@Seth Murrant i don't own a phone
@DukeofBlasphemy tf you using to type this
The ability this man has to simplify the most complex things is on another level. I very much appreciate the efforts and research that goes into each video. Thank you so much, and please keep making such content ✨
Scott Aaronson even recommends this video (and trashes Kaku's book) in "Book Review: “Quantum Supremacy” by Michio Kaku (tl;dr DO NOT BUY)" on his blog
Quantum computing is both extremely fascinating and terrifying at the same time.
Keep making more of these videos my brain LOVES IT! You explained it so well compared to every other video I’ve watched on this topic. I’m thinking of all the possibilities. A chess bot that sees 100 moves ahead, a solution to the 3x - 1 problem, a gaming PC that can process petabytes in less than a second, so much. The possibilities are exponential with the more qubits there are, but breaking encryption does seem like a real threat unless we had a chapter book of random characters for each of our passwords.
All your videos are amazing. Never stop!
Looking at unreal engine 5, gpt-4, and the most recent stable diffusion models, thinking what those could do for the dialogue, visuals, and art in games. And then imagining what those could do running on massive quantum computers.
Imagine a game with dialogue and story written in real time based on your actions. With the art and sound and music all done in real time as you play. It would be like the entire game is being made for you.
And all of it would look completely indistinguishable from real life.
And this could be made into VR which wouldn't be too hard to turn into a completely immersive full dive system like the matrix. Just less AI torture Sim and more giant videogame paradise.
I honestly think that that's where the aliens are. The Fermi paradox's solution is that aliens invent quantum computers, invent AI, and create VR and then all dissappear into matrix style simulation paradises.
You can just be doing whatever you want in a game of D&D with friends but you're actually there. Whatever you can dream of.
And there are people who say you'd get sick of it eventually but just temporarily section off your memory do you can experience it for the first time a thousand times and remember all those afterwards.
@Atash Gallagher not a big fan of the idea of altering my perseption of reality to that extent. And I'm a sucker for new tech and and video games
You missed the concept entirely. Quantom computers arent just super strong all powerful computers capable of solving any enigma we hold. RIght now they can barely factor two numbers
You too are an unsung hero Derek. I've never seen any video simplifying quantum computation in such a layman's language. We learn a lot from you and respect your work(specially this one). Thank you for giving us Vertasium.
I've had zero explaining on how, what, why any computing works. Being 57,I never understood how everything reduced to one's & zero's! But I understood what this guy was explaining quite well. No glazed eyes here! It made perfect sense to me. To see it, is to understand it. Maybe it was the spacial thing, using the graph, along with 3-D imaging. I'm Amazed! Now I see how ones's & zero's work!
@Cheryl L. Fox you know what's more amazing? People like you who are curious and never stop learning regardless of their age. We need more people like you. Thanks for existing.
This must have taken you so much time and effort to think through how to so perfectly and efficiently explain these complex topics. You have an incredible talent for educating. Great video!!
Dude...!!! You exist for a reason and what you do is definitely the right path you've chosen. Someone give this man a medal !!!!
he doesnt need a medal, he is a medal
pretty sure he is just a narrator, and the one who deserves the medal is the animator.
@Peter the script maker deserves that
@MagnisoxI couldn't agree more.
No other creator is able to make a video that talks about math the whole time and get millions of views in a month. This is great content
3blue1brown?
I forgor about him 💀
He explained Cryptography, Quantum Computing, RSA algorithm and many more in a single video!! We should be grateful that he's providing this content for free.
Adsense.... Except it got demo....... By yt
by doing analogies ,its not hard
Yes and no. The problem is that we have these theoretical mathematical concepts that work in these hypothetical situations we construct, between these finite and infinite sets, yet how do we logically constrain and manipulate these quantum variables in a translatable and meaningful way? We create these incredibly uniform states and measure such limited, inaccurate characteristics - have we really advanced anything about our ability to compute, here? Sure, we could theoretically perform multiple operations and read/write data based on measurable states stored in the existence of "particles" on a scale much greater than our current finite computing systems, but there is a reason this has been a concern for the last 18 years with little progress towards true weaponization - the results are still horrendously inaccurate and meaningless - how do you quantify the infinite gradient of results into our finite computational understanding? All we have really done, as far as this specific video is concerned, is highlighted fundamental flaws in RSA and general asymmetric trust-based encryption, which is something we can simulate with a normal binary super-computer. There is no magic here - we are either purposefully blinding ourselves in order to acquire grant money to perpetuate meaningless quantum computing research or unintentionally confusing ourselves by finding different and terribly inefficient ways of computing basic set theory and calculus problems.
If not, someone else would on youtube?
How is that the case, sir? There are more detailed information available online as well.
The best thing this video does is not only telling you that quantum computing will break modern day encryption, but also daring to explain how it works using secondary school mathematics. It’s just awesome.
Uff! What a fantastic video. Never managed to wrap my head around quantum computers, so your video is the first time I grasped the essence of simple quantum computer concepts. One of your bests yet, in my opinion!
Thank you for bringing this technology closer to us and understanding a little more about how amazing it can be.
a
Yes, lol
Hey metaballer 🎉
How amazing it going to be lol more like how dark the future is going to be
Never expect to see you here..
My head was melting after 4 mins in ( I will stay in my lane of 3D Animation). All you guys that understand these complex math, I respect your abilities and hats off to you all.
An important note: by now, there are many approaches to post-quantum encryption protocols besides lattice-based ones. However, all of them are only *thought* to be secure against a quantum attack :)
:)
I know this video is probably not going to beat the black balls reservoir or some of your other viral hits, but this is really one of the most impressive pieces of science communication you've made over the many years I followed your channel. These are some incredibly difficult to understand concepts and you really made them make sense. I watched a bunch of videos on RSA and quantum computing, but I never quite got it. Now I get it.
This video should get that many views and more. 💯
black balls? 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@KingDong on what website could I find this video?
@KingDong Yeah, 96 million of them! Derek's black balls are his most popular video! It has almost as many views as there is balls in it.
@Viniter Hahaha. I feel so immature laughing at balls.
Great, easily comprehensible explanation of Shor's algorithm! I also really liked your explanation of the proposed multidimensional lattice encryption system, which will hopefully replace RSA soon!
Remarkable presentation in a world of the “utterly unremarkable.” Equipped with only a rudimentary education in mathematics, even I was able to grasp what you were trying to explain. Bravo….if only I had teachers like you whilst growing up.
Your talent in explaining is so cool. Even someone from a non cybersecurity background would get this.
I love these videos so much. Exploring incredibly complex topics and breaking everything down in under 30 minutes. Beautiful work.
What an incredibly clear and easy to follow explanation. Your videos are always great but this was exceptional.
This is the best explanation of how quantum superiority breaks the RSA algorithm (and also the best explanation of a possible solution to the problem) I have ever heard. I know how hard it is to teach a complicated subject in a clear and simple manner. Well done!
Indeed, excellent graphics
First time I see a yellow comment 😯
@sundog aurora I saw it somewhere else 😂
💰
❤ Agree 100%%%%
Very informative and well explained! Tomorrow I've my college exam on information security and this really helped me to understand RSA algo better. Thanks a lot!
I’m a quantum computing enthusiast and have never been closer to understanding it until I’ve watched this video. Thank you very much !.
You know, with all your fancy math and calculations, you lost me a few times but I always found my way back (that is a lie). Your stuff is quite informative on more than one level.
I love your videos! They allow me a look into such interesting topics that would normally be way over my knowledge levels and actually get a graps of its meaning.
This is a genuinely helpful and intuitive description of Shor's algorithm and quantum cryptography. More so than I've seen in my actual quantum computing class I've taken. You explained a topic well in 30 minutes that took me 3 months to understand.
As someone who absolutely detested math in every level of education I’m blown away by the fact I’m able to follow and understand this because your explanation and presentation is simple yet detailed.
That's because math isn't taught be people who know how to teach math. Math teachers can only really teach towards other math-minded people. Like about the 15-25% of kids who have a natural math aptitude. The remaining 75%-85% of us have all sorts of trouble. Math pedagogy is shitty.
@ButterfaceMcGillicutty as a math like I’ve experienced that with my other classmates
I got to 9-minutes in, and my brain switched off. In 47 years, I have never found a day where algebra is needed in my life.
I only got the last part, everything else was russianese to me.
@Teutonic Spacehopper Well, without it you would not be writing this comment, because you would probably be a serf. Be grateful that it exists, and perhaps also grateful that you have a life easy enough that you do not have to bother to use it.
The amount of times I forgot what this video was about is crazy but it's a good thing, haven't seen equations like that since I did pure math a couple years ago , great video 👌
What is pure math
@Jazzling it's basically calculus ...I think , don't quote me tho 😂
I love this, it is great to hear about the people working behind the scenes to keep us safe for years to come. One day I will look back at this video and thank you and all the scientists/ mathematicians for working to keep our data safe as well as showing how it will be kept safe 🙂
This was such an amazing video. Super clear content and so beautifully illustrated! Thank you
Great video Man. If i had teachers like you in school back in the day it could have a huge difference in my life. ❤
Could you imagine what might happen when quantum computing is pinned down, and combined with the latest developments in AI.
Also. Fantastic video!!
i think we are scrued if they let that happens.
There should be like an award for how much effort a creator puts into a single video on UAclips.
its amazing its like a A+++ project for a final. and the great references!!!!
There is, you watching it!
there is it's called a youtube award
This isn't the winner though. He has much more amazing productions
@Dude, smell my helmet. Like which one? I feel like this one has the most stuff in it compared to videos he made recently.
When the 8 to the power of 0 which equals to 1 appears on screen, everything clicked and IT FEELS SO THRILLING! It feels like watching a mystery case get solved, and I'm just there watching it unfold magnificently. I sincerely thank you, Mr. Veritasium, for making science enjoyable and accessible!
Best video you've done in a while my friend. It's odd that very few people have tackled PQC / QRCA ... so props for actually diving into this. Very cool. Thanks man :)
I always believed guessing the answer in a math exam at school is better than solving it😂
This video cleared up some of the confusion I was having understanding quantum computing - and using RSA keys on a daily basis I never knew it was the first letters of the creators last name - very well done
Great video as a person with some knowledge in cryptography, it was amazing to see how you could explain so many hard topics to understand in 20 minutes.
Dude, I went to the International Math Olympiad and this stuff is hard for me. The fact that you're trying to teach this shows incredible respect for your audience.
I usually have youtube on the background while doing other stuff. Not this video....
What city was the math Olympiad held in when you went
A firm understanding of the basics of quantum theory is more relevant in this video than math, I guess.
This video worried me so much because almost all of it went over my head really fast. Your comment gave me solace, thank you.
Nice. I was stuck on the Nationals :( and yea it’s tricky. And I do Real Analysis / Topology
I tried to have this on in the background, I have no idea what just happened.
Congratulations, you did an amazing job at making this comprehensible for non quantum computing / encryption experts.
For once in my life I've practically seen the impact math can have on our lives. Finally lol
It really is so cool! I recently started watching a channel called Zac Star. And the channel focuses on explaining how math can be practical. And it's because of that channel that I actually came to see why math is important. It's super interesting, I recommend it quite a lot.
Incredible, just absolutely incredible to explain this much research in one video. Bravo
It's going to be a significant challenge validating the mathematical computations carried out with a Quantum Computer. Non-Determinism and numerical instability could be huge problems when it comes to practical implementation.
This is the clearest explanation of how quantum computers work that I have ever seen. Excellent work!
Unbelievable how effectively you can summarize
Hi
website is good
hlw
Nice
DO NOT POST ANY REPLY! DO NOT MENTION ANYTHING ABOUT TIMEBUCKS OR I WILL REJECT YOUR SUBMISSION, JUST THUMBS UP AND THATS IT!
I agree with other comments. As a software developer, I've never seen such a clear explanation. Love the graph at 17:40 (time marker) that shows when the two trends meet.
You can get me as good of a teacher as you to explain why someone would dislike this video, and I still wouldn’t understand.
You’re a fantastic teacher.
This was amazingly explained. These are very complicated topics and you managed to simplify them so much. Thank you.
Really great explanation of RSA, I just took an intro to C class where we had to implement it and pretty much write it all ourselves, wish I had this video like a month and a half ago lol. I still got 100% but man it was tough. Great work though
This video confused the heck out of me since I don’t understand most of the terms he’s using, but it was still fascinating to watch and listen to. It’s amazing how smart some people are that figure this type of stuff out.
The existence of quantum resistance algorithms is very important to note. But the idea that stuff is being saved now that doesn't use those methods is interesting. Hadn't thought of that before.
might see a period of criminals cracking this data and extorting other criminals. wild
I would not worry much about it. My classic computer with classic piece of software can brake 20y old database in (mili)seconds. Nobody cares much about it. I guess the same will happen 20y in future. But scaremongering bring lots of views=money.
Fun fact. NISS is in the process of standardizing post quantum cryptography. We already know which algorithms will be used in a decade.
@Robert Yeah but also 20 years ago people didn’t have their entire lives and businesses online
It feels like in tenet where we are fighting with the future.
I like the way you present superposition this way the gradient combined with the turning and the equation changing in sync was a really nice touch anyone could understand
Seriously stuff like this is gonna be key for getting people on board with progressive ideas.
What an amazing video!
You showed us a problem, and explained exactly how it works, how it finds a loophole in our current way of doing cybersecurity and abuses it. For this step alone you literally had to explain what quantum computers are and how they work, how we currently do cybersecurity, and how these two things can interact with each other. Each of which is a very complex topic. And you do all of this within 15 minutes or so in a clear, understandable, interactive and memorable way. AND ON TOP OF ALL OF THIS you continue by giving us a possible solution to this problem and explaining how it would work (which meant having to explain a complex theory in maths) and at the same time keep the video as short and clear as it it. Absolutely amazing.
I was amazed by the amount of information and effort that went into this video
Best explanation of quantum computers and algorithms. Kudos to all supporters that help this video so well and informative
this is the greatest explanation ever, such great work. Thank you. I've been trying to verbally explain this to a few people before and had a hard time.
As a math enthusiast I appreciate a lot the fact that you are willing to make hardcore math topics understandable for the general public ♡
I learned both everything and nothing in this video, and I enjoyed every second of it
Me too lol
As a math and computer enthusiast, i say the same for the computer part too!
I must be dumb then, cause I still didn't understand
He said understandable.... 😢😭
I’m no mathematician but I find looking into the mathematician’s world fascinating.
The best explanation I’ve seen so far! Amazing job Dr. Muller!
Nice! Could you maybe make a video about homomorphic encryption? It’s a encryption that lets you do encrypted calculations.
Sensational video, the explanations are so clear follow-able. I was sick of reading random articles over the years of how quantum computers will break everything with no attempt to even explain why, because the article authors themselves had no clue to begin with.
What I like about the strategies in math that are being used to decipher the encrytpion for the quantum computational process is that it apporaches maths in a way i've never seen before, they are using the relationships to numbers and their common patternality to draw as a functional computational point of reference, and even me as somone who struggles with traditonal numerical concepts due to my dislexia, I am able to pictrure this, and personally, for some reason I find it easier to visualise, it's beautiful, and just reaffirms for me that maths really is the source code to the universe around us, and this form of maths to me actually resonates with me so i'm able to try to understand it.
I made the 20M qubit estimate referred to at 17:15. I was impressed by this video. Shor's algorithm is a really hard algorithm to explain. It depends crucially on bits of signal processing, of number theory, of computer science, and of quantum physics. I think the video did a good job of demonstrating the core concepts of the algorithm, while skipping several of the finicky details.
I also appreciated a popular video including cost estimates based on plausible hardware, instead of magical perfect hardware. Probably the most controversial bit to me is the plot wildly speculating that the estimated costs will drop by another factor of 100 over the next decade. But, on the other hand, who can say what trick will be found to crunch down arithmetic circuits. Karatsuba found his multiplication algorithm within a week of it being conjectured impossible.
Wow man! Hats off! 🎩
You actually got good content now that I see!
We all appreciate people like you coming and writing feedback on these videos. We trust Derek to have accurate information, but it adds an extra layer when experts confirm that the content is explained well and accurate as usual.
Great paper Craig. I have read it multiple times. On facet that is often missed is that increasing the key size from RSA 2048 to RSA 3072 only provides another year or two of protection. ECDSA has a similar fate.
To anyone freaked out about this, don't panic. A new set of algorithms are rolling out, just like other transitions over the last 30+ years.
Again, Crag stellar work! Thank you!
Wow, you're practically a celebrity of the quantum computing world.
i find it so interesting how math protects the digital realm to the point it is unbreakable, for a period
while you cant do that with physical things
they can always be broken
You're another reason why I've loved physics.
At 15:55 the plus sign clips into the angle bracket. Not that I want to nitpick, but rather the opposite, I think that the visuals are amazing and I'd like to contribute by letting you know that there might be a bug in the engine you're using to create them, so you (or the team that created it) can fix it. 🙂
I want to thank you for publishing this video. It was beautifully done and the graphics were simple to understand.
Thanks! I have been trying to understand quantum computing for a while now. Not as long as it's been around; but long enough.
This explanation single handedly made me understand.
I'm a CS student and have been trying to understand this concept recently, but the explanations I've found in the internet have been too complex. This was the best explanation I've found. I'm not sure if I understand everything you said but I understood most of it. Thanks!
Instead of bits, we now have qubits, 0 and 1 until measured, a superstition state until measured. Once measured and revealed, the qbits can possibly be 0 and 1 in many probabilities.
GPT4...
Just imagine the logical gateway that remains in both states simultaneously.
That's basically it from the IT perspective.
@Jesse can it be 0 and 1 at the same time?
Like PBS space time. 😂
This video is so well done that it qualifies as genius. Thank you for enlightening me!
Thank you for you're contribution to applied science and development. I believe that we should continue to development security against the threat of Qauntum Computing as if it gets in the wrong hands of a malicious actor or actors it can be disastrous. I believe confidentiality should be key for the welfare of tje whole world including our respective governments. Thank you!
Just amazed to see such simple explanation of such complex topics
There should be a nobel prize for being able to make a biologist understand maths and you would have it
I truly wonder how AI would play on this, where we might end up having AIs fighting each other to encrypt and break the encryption.
After watching countless videos trying to understand this topic, this is honestly the only one that I can follow through! Well done and please keep cranking more videos. Thank you so much!
Keep it up. Happy to see your support to the channel.
Love to see the support!
you need to understand the (mostly simple) math behind those algo to truly appreciate what's going on
@OrionCinema Go make your own money.
@OrionCinema< former scammer found
This is the only video in veritasium that are really complex and I actually understand🤣. He explained so well.
This for a guy that has been studying quantum theory for dozens of years, and I couldn't explain it with such grace.. Powerful video.
Thank you so much for this explanation. I have been searching for an explanation that is clear to me for months. No other explanation comes close to this one. Crystal clear,
I am a doctor and scientist who is above-average in maths and I am struggling to understand some parts of the video, but I can tell that it is well-made (even though it is not QC for Dummies). I will return to it a bit later as I find the topic interesting.
4:20 - 5:15
I spent this time getting gradually more and more terrified that you had somehow managed to get this wrong, hoping beyond hope the superposition measurement thing would be clarified. And it was! Thank god. Even my university course missed out the fact that when you measure it it collapses to just one of the answers... It's honestly depressing.
You just managed to explain half a semester of QIT in a single video. This is absolutely fantastic! I wish I'd had this video back in college!
Someone (not me) would say you need that semesters half to understand it
@Attewir Hey, I'm the someone
What’s QIT
Quantum information theory
All QIT is missing is U!
There should be a separate revenue scheme from UAclips for channels trying to take the world forward. A mindless vlog and a video of this calibre should never be judged on the same parameters. ❤❤
Literally the only thing this video doesn't explain is what happens when r is odd. this video has such brilliant visualization and explanation of everything, 10/10.
This is one of the most fantastic explanations! Thank you.
I got about halfway through and this video melted my brain.
But I can say one thing for sure..
The future world of quantum computers is very exciting, but also VERY scary.
DAMN, 3:22 - 5:36 you explained such a complex quantum ocmputing limitation in such simple words. Excellent job. Keep up the good work. Sub++
I've always thought of quantum computers as being some sort of magic box that does something with superposition to get an answer through brute-forcing every input at once. This video finally made me realize that the answer itself must also be in a superposition, so the result you're looking for can't just be 1 of the possible states; it has to be encoded across all of the possible states so that you can still retrieve it after the superposition collapses. This really shines some light on what kinds of problems quantum computers are actually useful for.
Actually your comment made me understand that portion of the video.
Isn't this videos title misleading/wrong because of infinite monkey theorom?
@Serrated Edge How does that: "The Infinite Monkey Theorem", apply to this video?
I feel like you have something to contribute, but you didn't explain your thought well enough.
The title is mostly true, because much of the internet works through end-to-end encryption noted by the "locked" symbol in your web address bar(at least seen through Chrome on a PC). Quantum computers, which will be basically a supercomputer multiplied, could figure out the encryption key used in the internet session fast enough for your session to be intercepted. Whereas a supercomputer today COULD figure out your encryption key for your session, but much slower and therefore it'd take much longer and burn up a lot of resources(time, electricity, etc.).
I think our current batch of "AIs" could speed up the rate at which quantum computers "break" current encryption standards, so I hope they get new encryption figured out fast! 😅
@MegaMan X I explained it in great length in another post, I will copy paste, I hope it is not too nuanced lol.
Encryption isn't like a key to a door, where it either twists or not. Encryption will always kick back gibberish, so how do we know we've broken the encryption?
Essentially Infinite monkey theorem. (crazy nuanced explanation, you can skip and come back if you're confused, I thought it was a fun thought experiment too.)
We have a "pocket dimension" box full of billions of keys, we use these keys on our magical portal encryption door, in search for our childhood bedroom. We go through millions of rooms, (sorta like in monster inc,) most of them looking crazy, unworldly and even unsafe. Finally peering into a room that looks like the one, we pause and step in. Our protagonist doesn't have a great recollection, unbenounced to him, this is not his childhood bedroom, it's just a randomly generated room that he has been fooled by. In that pocket dimension full of keys there were another thousand like it.
Isn't it still possible that a quantum computer with it's goal aimed at breaking encryption would also generate these "hallucinations" / results that were plausible but not the case?
@Serrated Edge I don't think you understand the problem here. Here, we know N. It is the product of two primes, p and q. If we can find p and q then we can decode the message.
In the case where we did NOT know N and we just tried to decode the message by checking all possible primes p and q. Then, we may produce these "hallucinations".
Derek, well done. We work in the field and have yet to provide as a succinct and eloquent explanation for lay people. Well done.. we will be sharing within our company and to others as well. Great work!
What work are you doing?
@Raghavendran T B Development and application of quantum resistant encryption (algos/functionality), test of quantum resistant comms.
@Adam Sewall How do I start learning that?
this is unreal, im about to graduate, took my MA 340 class, applicable algebra, which in reality is just crypotography, its cool to see a video on the stuff i'm learrning right now in school.
I did both the Highest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple when I was in Primary School.
With a University Degree in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics I have NEVER seen it since.
I would not be able to do this calculation today until I saw this presentation.
I learnt so much from this video. It was mostly that I'm not good at maths or science though.
I dislike math, and I suck at it, and yet you managed to explain math which is far above my head to me. Outstanding.
I'm very impressed with how you can make such complex topics accessible. And it's not even one complex topic it's like 10 different extremely complex topics, in 24 minutes. Hats off
Hats off indeed!
He needs to explain 10 topics in order for people to understand the main point. Not all viewers have an understanding in the basics of math or physics, so in order to make a point he needs to explain the basics over and over again in every video. He assumes minimum knowledge of the audience in order to gain as much viewership as possible.
@Calix and that is enough.
No, it just means you aren't very smart. Him having to explaining it to a child only means your brain is equal to a child's brain.
This is the smartest channel on the entire internet.Keep up the good work.Thank you for making it, and for helping me understand.
mind-blowing 🤯. this is the first time I have come across explanation that is related with practical application and so much easy ( compare to others on internet not literally 😅) to visualize and understand. hats-off.
This is the best video that I’ve seen on this channel yet! Thank you for putting the time and research together to make this video! ❤
So we are decrypting by using positional patterns. Interesting. Quantum computers expedite the pattern recognition. Very cool. You know I was wondering on the lattices part . If dimensionality increases the complexity of nailing the position of an object I wonder that we move from 3Dto 5D to 7D is it harder to see people physically? I know I know all that isn’t science but I have heard so many alternative spiritualists talk about this I have to wonder. Great video thank you ❤ Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak 😂